SupplementsAntioxidantsAntioxidantLiver
Glutathione is the cell’s central antioxidant and detoxifier. Supplementing it directly is popular, but the biology of absorption makes it trickier than it sounds — and often the smarter route is to feed its production.
Key takeaways
- Glutathione is the body’s master antioxidant and a key player in liver detoxification.
- Plain oral glutathione is poorly absorbed; liposomal or sublingual forms do better.
- Often more effective to supply the precursor — see our NAC guide.
- IV glutathione for skin whitening is unproven and carries safety concerns. Oral dose ~250–1000 mg (liposomal).
What it is
A tripeptide (glycine, cysteine, glutamate) that neutralises free radicals, recycles vitamins C and E, and supports liver detox pathways. Cells make their own; cysteine is usually the limiting building block.
The evidence
Some trials of liposomal or sustained forms raise body glutathione stores, but robust clinical-outcome data are limited. Because plain oral glutathione is broken down in the gut, many experts favour raising it indirectly with NAC or whey protein.
Dose & how to use
If used, choose liposomal glutathione ~250–1000 mg/day, or support production with NAC. Avoid unregulated IV skin-lightening protocols.
Safety & who benefits
Oral forms are well tolerated. Of interest for antioxidant/liver support; the precursor route (NAC) is often the better-evidenced choice.
References
Adult research summary for education, not a prescription. These are food supplements, not treatments for disease.
- Dean O, Giorlando F, Berk M. N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry (glutathione precursor mechanisms). J Psychiatry Neurosci 2011. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
This article summarises nutrition science for education. It is not a substitute for individual medical advice; consult a professional before starting a supplement, in pregnancy, or alongside medication.